Peace and War

Joseph Pennell

National Gallery of Art

The image shows an industrial scene from a slightly elevated vantage point, looking over a river with factories lining the banks. The horizon is defined by the river that gently curves through the image, with a prominent church-like building positioned almost centrally beyond the riverbank. Tall smokestacks are visible both close to us on the left and in the distance on the right, releasing plumes of smoke into the air. The technique used consists of fine, intricate brushstrokes in black and white, giving a sketch-like impression and emphasizing the textures of both natural and man-made structures. The monochrome palette creates a stark contrast between the industrial elements and the surrounding landscape.